NMN

Benefits:

• Provides 150mg of NMN per serving, shown to increase blood levels of NAD+ in clinical trials. 
• Immediate precursor to NAD+ and replenishes age-related decline in NAD+ levels. 
• NAD+ is a critical coenzyme for numerous pathways related to energy production, mitochondrial health, and DNA repair, and its decline is strongly associated with aging. 

Feature Summary:

NMN is a bioavailable precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a key coenzyme needed for over 500 enzymatic reactions. As many of these enzymatic reactions are related to cellular metabolism, aging, inflammation, circadian rhythm, mitochondrial respiration, glycolysis, and DNA repair, NAD+ is considered critical to human health and longevity.¹ NAD+ is also needed for the expression of sirtuins, enzymes with numerous cellular regulatory effects particularly important for inflammation, DNA repair, and energy metabolism.² Considerable research shows a decline in NAD+ and sirtuin expression with aging, leading to an impairment of mitochondrial function and biogenesis and increased oxidative damage, driving the aging process itself as well as many diseases associated with aging, including cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.^3,4

NMN has been shown to significantly increase blood levels of NAD+ in human clinical trials, in part because it is only one enzymatic step from NAD+.⁵ Controlled clinical trials have demonstrated multiple benefits of NMN supplementation, including improvements in insulin sensitivity and signalling among women with impaired glucose metabolism, as well as aerobic capacity in healthy runners, and reduced drowsiness and improved sit-to-stand in older adults.^6-8 Indicative of its potential to address aging pathways by restoring NAD+ levels, NMN supplementation for 12 weeks found a trend toward reduced arterial stiffness, an aging-related independent risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.⁹

References:

1. Hong, W., Mo, F., Zhang, Z., et al. (2020). Nicotinamide mononucleotide: A promising molecule for therapy of diverse diseases by targeting NAD+ metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol, 8, 246.
2. Rajman, L., Chwalek, K., & Sinclair, D.A. (2018). Therapeutic potential of NAD-boosting molecules: The in vivo evidence. Cell Metab, 27(3), 529-47.
3. Poljšak, B., Kovač, V., Špalj, S., et al. (2023). The central role of the NAD+ molecule in the development of aging and the prevention of chronic age-related diseases: Strategies for NAD+ modulation. Int J Mol Sci, 24(3), 2959.
4. Das, A., Huang, G.X., Bonkowski, M.S., et al. (2018). Impairment of an endothelial NAD+-H2S signaling network is a reversible cause of vascular aging. Cell, 173(1), 74-89.e20.
5. Okabe, K., Yaku, K., Uchida, Y., et al. (2022). Oral administration of nicotinamide mononucleotide is safe and efficiently increases blood nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels in healthy subjects. Front Nutr, 9, 868640.
6. Yoshino, M., Yoshino, J., Kayser, B.D., et al. (2021). Nicotinamide mononucleotide increases muscle insulin sensitivity in prediabetic women. Science, 372(6547), 1224-9.
7. Liao, B., Zhao, Y., Wang, D., et al. (2021). Nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation enhances aerobic capacity in amateur runners: A randomized, double-blind study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr, 18(1), 54.
8. Kim, M., Seol, J., Sato, T., et al. (2022). Effect of 12-week intake of nicotinamide mononucleotide on sleep quality, fatigue, and physical performance in older Japanese adults: A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study. Nutrients, 14(4), 755.
9. Katayoshi, T., Uehata, S., Nakashima, N., et al. (2023). Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide metabolism and arterial stiffness after long-term nicotinamide mononucleotide supplementation: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sci Rep, 13(1), 2786.